Editorial by Advocate Irfan Khondker, Dhubri, January 16, 2024 – Nestled in the northeastern embrace of India, Assam grapples with a formidable adversary, silently eroding its landscapes, tearing through its cultural tapestry, and imperiling its ecological treasures. Riverbank erosion along the Brahmaputra and its tributaries has emerged as a severe environmental and socio-economic crisis, leaving in its wake a trail of lost land, shattered homes, and fractured livelihoods. This editorial seeks to unravel the intricate web of challenges posed by riverbank erosion in Assam and underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive, collaborative approach to safeguard the state’s future.
The Brahmaputra, a mighty river coursing through Assam, is both a lifeline and a formidable force of nature. Its dynamic nature, characterized by frequent alterations in course, width, depth, and velocity, renders the region highly susceptible to riverbank erosion. The toll of this unrelenting force has been staggering, with estimates suggesting that over 4.27 lakh hectares of land have succumbed to erosion since 1950, comprising 7.40% of the state’s total area.
The agricultural sector, the backbone of Assam’s economy and the primary source of income for the majority, bears the brunt of riverbank erosion. Fertile lands, once a source of sustenance, are swallowed by the river’s hungry currents, leaving farmers bereft of their livelihoods. Forced migrations ensue as agricultural productivity dwindles, disrupting not only the economic stability of the affected families but also unraveling the social and cultural fabric of the communities.
Beyond the human cost, riverbank erosion in Assam jeopardizes the state’s rich ecological diversity and cultural heritage. Assam stands as a haven for endangered species like the one-horned rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, Gangetic dolphin, and numerous orchid varieties. However, the constant erosion of riverine islands, exemplified by the vulnerable Majuli—recognized as the largest river island globally—threatens the very existence of these precious species. The loss of these islands poses an imminent risk to Assam’s ecological balance and cultural legacy.
Addressing the multifaceted challenge of riverbank erosion demands a comprehensive strategy that integrates environmental, social, and economic considerations. Reinforcing embankments and revetments along riverbanks is pivotal to halting further erosion and preserving existing land and property. Implementing practices that reduce sediment load and runoff in rivers enhances their carrying capacity and stability, contributing to erosion mitigation. Encouraging alternative and sustainable livelihood options, such as fisheries, horticulture, handicrafts, and tourism, helps affected communities establish resilience beyond agriculture. Enhancing the government’s and communities’ capacity for disaster preparedness and response equips Assam to cope more effectively with floods and erosion. Fostering awareness and active participation among stakeholders, particularly local communities, in planning and implementing erosion control measures ensures a more sustainable and inclusive approach.
Riverbank erosion in Assam is more than a localized crisis; it is a collective challenge that demands united action from all concerned parties. A harmonized effort encompassing government bodies, environmental organizations, local communities, and citizens is imperative to effectively tackle the multifaceted dimensions of this issue. Assam’s destiny, intricately woven with its rivers, demands a paradigm shift toward sustainable practices and a shared commitment to preserving the land, people, and environment of this enchanting state. By confronting the erosion menace collectively, we can carve a path towards a more resilient, sustainable, and vibrant Assam for generations to come.
